We identified a strong association between sickle haemoglobin (HbS) in the host and three regions of the parasite genome, which is not explained by population structure or other covariates, and which is replicated in additional samples. Here we searched for association between candidate host and parasite genetic variants in 3,346 Gambian and Kenyan children with severe malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum. genetic factors can confer resistance against malaria 1, raising the question of whether this has led to evolutionary adaptation of parasite populations. 22 Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health and Information Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. 21 Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK. 20 Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. 19 Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK. 18 Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.4 Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK. 3 Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health and Information Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. 2 Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK. 1 Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
13 Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.12 Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.11 Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.10 Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health and Information Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.9 Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.8 KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya.
7 Edward Francis Small Teaching Hospital (formerly Royal Victoria Teaching Hospital), Banjul, The Gambia.6 Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia.5 Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.1 Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.